Dr. Alok Purohit (PhD), Health Coach, Diabetes & Obesity educator

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion or insulin action. Diabetes is a significant public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide, and early diagnosis is crucial for effective management and prevention of long-term complications.

Biomarkers are measurable biological indicators of disease, and their pattern on the day of diagnosis of diabetes can provide important insights into the underlying pathophysiology and prognosis of the disease. In this essay, we will discuss the patterns of biomarkers on the day of diagnosis of diabetes and their clinical significance.

First and foremost, severe hyperglycemia is the first warning sign for other investigations to be scheduled. One of the most commonly measured biomarkers in diabetes is glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). HbA1c reflects the average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months and is a reliable indicator of long-term glycemic control. In a study of 3,305 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, HbA1c levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with more severe hyperglycemia and were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels (1).

Another commonly measured biomarker in diabetes is C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. In a study of 249 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients, CRP levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with higher HbA1c levels and were positively correlated with insulin resistance (2).

In addition to HbA1c and CRP, other biomarkers have been found to be altered on the day of diagnosis of diabetes. These include markers of oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as well as markers of endothelial dysfunction, such as von Willebrand factor (vWF) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) (3, 4).

The pattern of biomarkers on the day of diagnosis of diabetes can provide important clinical information, such as the degree of glycemic control, the presence of systemic inflammation, and the extent of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. This information can guide treatment decisions and help to prevent long-term complications.

In conclusion, the pattern of biomarkers on the day of diagnosis of diabetes provides important clinical information that can guide treatment decisions and help to prevent long-term complications. Further research is needed to determine the optimal biomarker panel for the diagnosis and management of diabetes.

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References:

1. Cheng YJ, Kanaya AM, Araneta MRG, et al. Prevalence of diabetes by race and ethnicity in the United States, 2011-2016. JAMA. 2019;322(24):2389-2398.
2. Sridhar GR, Lakshmi G, Nagamani G. Assessment of insulin resistance and C-reactive protein in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications. 2012;26(2):123-126.
3. Wu LL, Chiou CC, Chang PY, Wu JT. Urinary 8-OHdG: a marker of oxidative stress to DNA and a risk factor for cancer, atherosclerosis and diabetics. Clin Chim Acta. 2004;339(1-2):1-9.
4. Wu H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, et al. Endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:5305198.